Influenza Virus Vaccine
Inactivated strains of type A and B Influenza virus vaccines.
Both inactivated (flu shot) or attenuated (nasal spray) vaccines are compatible with breastfeeding
Vaccines are usually compatible with breastfeeding either if they are formed by live, attenuated, inactivated, death strains or microorganism toxoid.
Except for rubella vaccine, they are not excreted into breast milk and do not cause harm to the infant. Yellow fever vaccine has a higher risk for harm effect on infants younger than 6 months old (Consult information on a particular vaccine at our web).
Breastfeeding may enhance antibody response to vaccines and cause fewer side effects as fever or anorexia.
Early postpartum period is appropriate to get mothers vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps in case they were not immunized.
Breastfeeding mothers should be protected by providing recommended vaccination for adults.
Eleventh WHO's Model List of Essential Drugs 2002: Compatible with breastfeeding.
Alternatives
We do not have alternatives for Influenza Virus Vaccine since it is relatively safe.
Very Low Risk
Compatible. Not risky for breastfeeding or infant.
Low Risk
Moderately safe. Mild risk possible. Follow up recommended. Read the Comment.
High Risk
Poorly safe. Evaluate carefully. Use a safer alternative. Read the Comment.
Very High Risk
Not recommended. Cessation of breastfeeding or alternative.
Synonyms
- Flu nasal spray
- Flu shot
- Flu vaccine
References
- Munoz FM. Maternal immunization: an update for pediatricians. Pediatr Ann. 2013Abstract
- Schlaudecker EP, Steinhoff MC, Omer SB, McNeal MM, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Dodd CN, Raqib R, Breiman RF, Zaman K. IgA and neutralizing antibodies to influenza a virus in human milk: a randomized trial of antenatal influenza immunization. PLoS One. 2013Abstract Full text (in our servers)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pregnant Women Need a Flu Shot. Facts Sheet 2013 Full text (in our servers)
- Sachs HC; Committee On Drugs. The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: an update on selected topics. Pediatrics. 2013Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
- Raney EC, El-Ibiary SY. Immunizations and pregnancy: an update for pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2012Abstract Full text (in our servers)
- Raney EC, El-Ibiary SY. Immunizations and pregnancy: an update for pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2012Abstract
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. General recommendations on immunization --- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011Abstract Full text (in our servers)
- Hubka TA, Wisner KP; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccinations recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011Abstract Full text (in our servers)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Influenza vaccine and Pregnant women Public Health Service 2011 Full text (in our servers)
- Gruslin A, Steben M, Halperin S, Money DM, Yudin MH; SOGC. Immunization in pregnancy: No. 220, December 2008. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009Abstract
- Tanaka T, Nakajima K, Murashima A, Garcia-Bournissen F, Koren G, Ito S. Safety of neuraminidase inhibitors against novel influenza A (H1N1) in pregnant and breastfeeding women. CMAJ. 2009Abstract Full text (in our servers)
- Gruslin A, Steben M, Halperin S, Money DM, Yudin MH, Boucher M, Cormier B, Ogilvie G, Paquet C, Steenbeek A, Van Eyk N, van Schalkwyk J, Wong T. Immunization in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2008Abstract
- Zaman K, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Rahman M, Raqib R, Wilson E, Omer SB, Shahid NS, Breiman RF, Steinhoff MC. Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med. 2008Abstract Full text (in our servers)
- Schmidt JV, Kroger AT, Roy SL. Report from the CDC. Vaccines in women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004Abstract
- Tillett J. The use of vaccines in pregnancy. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2004Abstract
- WHO / UNICEF. BREASTFEEDING AND MATERNAL MEDICATION Recommendations for Drugs in the Eleventh WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (WHO/UNICEF) 2002 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
- Pabst HF, Spady DW, Pilarski LM, Carson MM, Beeler JA, Krezolek MP. Differential modulation of the immune response by breast- or formula-feeding of infants. Acta Paediatr. 1997Abstract
- [No authors listed] Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 1997Abstract Full text (in our servers)
- Pabst HF. Immunomodulation by breast-feeding. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997Abstract
- [No authors listed] General recommendations on immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 1994Abstract Full text (in our servers)