Is Phenolphthalein compatible with breastfeeding? Do we have alternatives for Phenolphthalein?

Phenolphthalein

March 23, 2018 (Very High Risk)

Derived from phenol with laxative properties by direct irritation via contact with the intestinal mucosa.

Since the last update we have not found published data on its excretion in breast milk.

Although intestinal absorption is only 15% (PubChem 2017), it may transfer to breastmilk and may cause diarrhea and other intestinal problems in the infant (PubChem 2017). Carcinogenic in animals and probably carcinogenic (2B) in humans (WHO 2000, EMA 1997).

It has been withdrawn from sale in most countries.

Bulk-forming, osmotic, emollient or lubricant laxatives are safer.

In order to avoid or treat constipation, a balanced diet, rich in fibre, with lots of liquid and sports is fundamental.

Alternatives

Very Low Risk

Compatible. Not risky for breastfeeding or infant.

Low Risk

Moderately safe. Mild risk possible. Follow up recommended. Read the Comment.

High Risk

Poorly safe. Evaluate carefully. Use a safer alternative. Read the Comment.

Very High Risk

Not recommended. Cessation of breastfeeding or alternative.

Writings

  • φαινολοφθαλεΐνη (Greek)
  • فينولفتالئين (Arabic)
  • Фенолфталеин (Cyrillic)
  • 酚酞 (Chinese)
  • フェノールフタレイン (Japanese)
  • Phénolphtaléine (French)
  • C20H14O4 (Molecular formula)
  • 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide (Chemical name)
  • A06AB04 (ATC Code/s)

Drug trade names

References

  1. PubChem. Phenolphthalein. Compound Summary. 2017 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  2. WHO. International Agency for research on Cancer. PHENOLPHTHALEIN. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol.76-15. 2000 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  3. WHO. International Agency for research on Cancer. PHENOLPHTHALEIN. Summary of final evaluations. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol.76-17. 2000 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  4. EMA. Genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of phenolphthalein Position Paper 1997 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)